4) THE RISE OF THE TOTALITARISM

4.2 NAZISM

Hitler admired the British Empire as a shining example of Nordic genius. Racist theories were developed by British intellectuals in the 19th century to control the Indian people and other "savages." These methods were often copied by the Nazis.

According to Mein Kampf (My Struggle), Hitler developed his political theories after carefully observing the policies of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was born as a citizen of the Empire, and believed that ethnic and linguistic diversity had weakened it. Further, he saw democracy as a destabilizing force, because it placed power in the hands of ethnic minorities, who he claimed had incentives to further "weaken and destabilize" the Empire.

Hitler's Nazi theory also claimed that the Aryan race is a master race, superior to all other races, that a nation is the highest creation of a race, and great nations (literally large nations) were the creation of great races. These nations developed cultures that naturally grew from races with "natural good health, and aggressive, intelligent, courageous traits." The weakest nations, Hitler said they were impure because of being from different cultures. Worst of all were seen to be Subhumans (Hitler called them like that), they were mainly Jews, but also Gypsies, homosexuals, disabled and so called anti-socials.

This is one film based on nazism, there are a lot such as Cabaret, Germany Year Zero,The White House, Anne Frank's Diary, The Train of Life, The Pianist, Amen, The last train to Auschwitz etc...

Life is Beautiful trailer

Video from:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16RZHqCIy9M

Information from:

http://www.nazism.net/about/nazi_ideology/

http://www.nazism.net/about/adolf_hitler/

http://www.nazism.net/about/ideological_theory/

4) THE RISE OF THE TOTALITARISM

4.1 THE ITALIAN FASCISM

Italian fascism was the first application of what would become a generic ideology encompassing, or allegedly encompassing, movements of the political right in every nation.  It was essentially non-racist, yet in Italy it preached the gospel of the coming Italian race of "overmen."

Italian fascism is separated in different principal phases:

The fist stage is when Mussolini came to power after the 1922 March on Rome he found himself in charge of the state but without a guiding and inspirational system of thought. The first phase lasted until the first fascist state was founded in 1925.

In this second period of fascism, the Italian electorate still played a major role. The 400 candidates for the legislature had to be approved by the voters. The workers played a larger role in the selection of their representatives and the people at large had some role in the nomination of the 400 candidates for the legislature.

In the third phase of fascism, Mussolini had come under the spell of Adolf Hitler and his national socialist state. He was increasingly influenced by the anti-Semitic wing of the fascist party led by Farinacci and Preziosi. The contrast with Nazism is obvious. Only with satisfactory materials could a nation be built, according to Nazi ideology. Inferior races could never be forged into anything worthwhile, no matter how great the effort.

Declaration of war of Benito Mussolini.

The war had not been going as well as for Italy as Mussolini had hoped, and the nation was suffering economically. People were casting about for targets of blame, and in February 1918, Mussolini joined those who spoke with disgust about parliamentary squabbling. Mussolini described parliamentary democracy as "effete."  Italy, he claimed, should set things right by making a clean sweep. Italy, he said, needed a dictator. And in advocating soldierly patriotism and Italian nationalism, he attacked what he called the "sickly internationalism" of Lenin and Wilson.

Video from:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYp_vN84p_U

Information from:

http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v04/v04p--5_Whisker.html

http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/ch12muss3.htm